Short Answer Type

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What is the basic structure of a detergent?


A synthetic detergent molecule consists of two parts; a long hydrocarbon chain which is water repelling (hydrophobic) and a short ionic part which is water attracting (hydrophilic). The ionic groups or water. attracting groups in a synthetic detergent are usually a sulphonate group (SO3Na+) or sulphate group (OSO3 Na+ or SO4Na+). For example, the synthetic detergent known as sodium n-dodecyl sulphate has two parts : a long hydrocarbon chain (n-dodecyl) containing twelve carbon atoms and a short ionic part called sulphate group (–SO3Na+). The formula of this detergent is given below:



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Give the structure of sulphadiazine. Mention its uses.

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Long Answer Type

Name the action of the following on the human body:
(a) Aspirin
(b) Penicillin
(c) Phenacetin
(d) Morphine
(e) Analgin
(f) Laminal
(g) Sarconal
(h) Streptomycin.

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Short Answer Type

What is paracetamol? What medicinal effect does it produce in the human body?

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What is the difference between local and general anaesthetics? Name one chemical used in each case.

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Long Answer Type

What are narcotics?
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How are antiseptics distinguished from disinfectants? Give two examples of each of the substances.

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Short Answer Type

Explain what do you understand by pathogens. How can we control the microbial diseases?

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Long Answer Type

Describe the following with suitable examples of chemicals:
(i) Antipyretics
(ii) Antiseptics
(iii) Tranquilizers
(iv) Wide spectrum antibiotics

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Short Answer Type

Give one important use of each of the following:
(i) Bithional        
(ii) Chloroamphenicol
(iii) Streptomycin
(iv) Paracetamol.

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