The d-And-f-Block Elements

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Though copper, silver and gold have completely filled sets of d-orbitals yet they are considered as transition metals. Why?

These metals in their common oxidation states have incompletely filled d-orbitals e.g., Cu2+ has 3d10 and Au3+ has 5d8 configuration.
copper displays two oxidation states (+1 and +2). In the +1 oxidation state, an electron is removed from the s-orbital. However, in the +2 oxidation state, an electron is removed from the d-orbital. Thus, the d-orbital now becomes incomplete (3d9). Hence, it is a transition element. wherein it will have incompletely filled d-orbitals (4d), hence a transition metal.

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