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Describe the agricultural technologies adopted by the Harappans.


It cannot be denied that there did exist agriculture during Harappan civilization because we have the evidence of grains. Through evidences archaeologist have come out with ideas regarding the technologies adopted by the Harappans.

1. Representations on seals and terracotta sculpture indicate that the bull was known, and archaeologists extrapolate from this that oxen were used for ploughing.

2. Images of terracotta plough have been found and evidences of ploughed field has been found at Kalibangan. Thus we can fairly assume that plogh was used.

3. There are evidence of copper tools, stone blades tools, however archaeologist are not sure what kind of tools were used for agriculture.

4. As most of the sites were located semi arid lands it is postulated that irrigation were required. Hence there are evidences of canals at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan
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Describe briefly the most distinctive features of urban centres of Harappa.


Describe briefly the opinion of archaeologists about the Harappan society.


An understanding of the function of an artefact is often shaped by its resemblance with present day things. Support your answer with suitable evidence.


Describe the transformation of material culture of the Harappans after 1900 BCE.


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