CBSE
Class 10
Class 12
1. (a) Violent Conflict
Example: Reublic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
(b) Reason: Ethno-religious with political fallout.
Example: Republic predominantly Catholic. Northern Ireland 53% Protestant, 44% Catholics. The Republic wanted them to unite.
(c) Parties: The Nationalists represented the Republic, the Unionists represented Northern Ireland and wanted to remain within U.K.
Example: Violent war where hundreds were killed. Republic of Ireland fought with Northern Ireland as well as with U.K.
Final Outcome: A peace treaty signed in 1998 which ended the armed struggle.
2. Yugoslavia also faced ethno-religious differences. They led to political competition. Civil war followed and Yugoslavia has been broken up now into seven independent nations, namely; Bosnia, Macedonia Croatia, Herzegovina, Kosovo, Serbia and Montenegro.
Conclusion: Social divisions should not be allowed to influence the politics of a country. We have seen the result in our own country — Partition into India and Pakistan
In a democracy, how do social divisions affect the people?
Three determinants (factors) for the outcome of politics of social divisions: