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Molar mass that is either lower or higher than the expected or normal value is called as abnormal molar mass.

Van’t Hoff introduced a factor i, known as the van’t Hoff factor, to account for the extent of dissociation or association. This factor i is defined as:

Ratio of normal molecular mass to the observed molecular mass of the solute.

Van’t Hoff factor modifies the equations for colligative properties as follows: