Climate

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• Questions
• Summary

Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years).

Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.

The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.

Ont he basis of the generalized monthly atmospheric conditions, the year is divided into seasons such as winter, summer or rainy seasons.

Indian Climate

1. The climate of India is monsoon type.
2. Monsoon is derived from ‘mausim’ which means season and it refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
3. In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in south and south-east.

Differences in Indian Climate

1. In summer the temperature of Rajasthan is about 50’C but in Jammu & Kashmir, it’s 20’c.
2. In winter at J&K the temperature is -45’C but in Thiruvananthapuram its 22’C.
3. While precipitation is in the form of snowfall in upper parts of Himalayas, it rains over the rest of country.
4. Most parts receive rainfall from June to July but some like Tamil Nadu receives it even in the season of October and November.

There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are:

1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Pressure and wind system
4. Distance from the sea
5. Ocean currents and
6. Relief features