411.

State reasons for the following:

(i) pK_b value for aniline is more than that for methylamine.

(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not soluble in water.

(iii) Primary amines have higher boiling points than tertiary amines.

(i) Aniline undergoes resonance and as a result, the electrons on the N-atom are delocalized over the benzene ring. Therefore, the electrons on the N-atom are less available to donate.

On the other hand, in case of methylamine (due to the +I effect of methyl group), the electron density on the N-atom is increased. As a result, aniline is less basic than methylamine. Thus, pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine.

(ii) Ethylamine when added to water forms intermolecular H-bonds with water. Hence, it is soluble in water.

But aniline does not undergo H-bonding with water to a very large extent due to the presence of a large hydrophobic -C₆H₅ group. Hence, aniline is insoluble in water.

(iii) The boiling points of compounds depend on the extent of H-bonding present in that compound. The more extensive the H-bonding in the compound, the higher is the boiling point. Tertiary amines [(CH₃)₃N] does not contain H-atom whereas primary amine (CH₃NH₂) contains two H-atoms. Then, primary amines undergo more extensive H-bonding than tertiary amines. Hence, the boiling point of primary amines is higher than that of tertiary amines.