Short Answer Type(i) The symbol of an atom or ion stands for the nucleus as well as the electrons in the inner enthalpy shells.
(ii) The valence electrons are represented by dots near the symbol of the element.
Calculation of valency: For elements containing up to four valence electrons, the valency is usually equal to the number of valence electrons. For elements containing more than four electrons, the valency is either equal to the number of valence electrons or eight minus the number of valence electrons. For example.
The valencies of Li, Be, B and C = 1, 2, 3 and 4 (No. of valence electrons.
The valencies of N, O and F = 3, 2 and 1 (8 – valence electrons).
Long Answer TypeShort Answer TypeUse Lewis symbols to show electron transfer between the following atoms to form cations and anions:
(a) K and S, (b) Ca and O (c) Al and N
Long Answer TypeShort Answer TypeLong Answer TypeShort Answer Type
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