Long Answer TypeDiscuss the orbital shapes of the following covalent molecules:
(i) HF (ii) H2O (iii) NH3.
Short Answer TypeLong Answer TypeUsing the orbital overlap concept, explain the formation of:
(i) O2 molecule (ii) N2 molecule.
What is coordinate or dative bond? Explain the formation of the bond with some examples.
Coordinate bond: It is the type of bond in which electron pair for sharing is provided by only one of the two bonded atoms i.e. out of the two bonded atoms one with already completed octet provides its lone pair of electrons for sharing to the other bonding atom having a shortage of electrons. The atom which provides the electron pair for sharing is known as a donor and the other atom which accepts the electron pair is called acceptor. The bond is represented by an arrow→ pointing from donor towards the acceptor.
If the atom A has its octet already complete and the atom B has only six electrons in its valence shell, then a coordinate bond is formed.
Examples:
(i) A coordinate bond is formed between ammonia (NH3) and boron trifluoride (BF3).
(ii) Formation of 
ion.
(iii) Formation of 
ion:
Short Answer TypeLong Answer Type
bond and a 
bond.
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