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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Long Answer Type

161.

Explain coordinate bond by the orbital concept.

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162.

Differentiate between a covalent bond and co-ordinate bond.

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Short Answer Type

163.

What do you understand by geometry and shapes of molecules?

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164.
Why do covalent moleucles have definite geometery?

In a covalent molecule, the central atom is surrounded by two types of electron pairs i.e. bond pairs (shared pair of electrons) and lone pairs (pairs not taking part in bond formation). The stability of the molecule demands that it should have minimum enthalpy. If the electron pairs (bond pairs or lone pairs) surrounding the central atom are nearer, they will repel each other, thereby increasing the enthalpy of the molecule. On the other hand, if the electron pairs are far apart, the repulsions between them will be less and so the enthalpy of the molecule will be low. Thus, the electron pairs surrounding the central atom will try to remain as far apart as possible.
As a result:

(i) All bonded atoms occupy such positions (around the central atom) in space where the repulsive forces between them are minimum.

(ii) The molecule attains minimum enthalpy and maximum stability.So molecule has a definite shape or geometry.

245 Views

Long Answer Type

165.

Name the theory responsible for the definite geometry of covalent molecules. Give main features of the theory ?

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Short Answer Type

166.

What do you mean by Regular geometry and Irregular or Distorted geometry?

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167.

How will you explain the following order of the repulsive interactions between pair of electrons on the central atom:
Lone pair - Lone pair > Lone pair - Bond pair > Bond pair - Bond pair.

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