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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Long Answer Type

181. Discuss in brief the various types of hybridisation involving d-orbitals.

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182.

State and explain the geometric arrangements possible in sp³d and sp³d² hybridisation. Name the d-orbitals involved in these.

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183.

On the basis of hybridisation, explain the shape of phosphorus penta fluoride (PF₅).

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184.

Discuss the shape of:
$space left parenthesis straight i right parenthesis space PCl subscript 5 space space space left parenthesis ii right parenthesis space SF subscript 6$
on the basis of hybridization.

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185.

Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in the following molecules ?

(a) CH₃ – CH₃(b) CH₃ – CH = CH₂(c) CH₃ – CH₂ - OH
(d) CH₃ - CHO
(e) CH₃COOH

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Short Answer Type

186.
Describe the change in hybridization (if any) of the Al atom in the following reaction:

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₁₃Al (Excited state) = ls²2s-²2p⁶3s¹3p_x¹3p_y¹ .Hence in AlCl₃, Al undergoes sp²hybridization to give it planar triangular structure. In AlCl₄ , the empty 3p. orbital is also involved so that hybridization is sp³ and its shape is tetrahedral.

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