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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Short Answer Type

201.

Which out of the two molecules - OCS and CS₂ has a higher dipole moment and why ?

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Long Answer Type

202.

Discuss the applications (or importance) of dipole moment.

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Short Answer Type

203.

The molecule of SO₂ has a dipole moment. Is the molecule linear or bent? Explain your answer.

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204.

Predict the dipole moment of;
(i) a molecule of the type AX₄ having a square planar geometry.
(ii) a molecule of the type AX₅ having a trigonal bipyramdial.
(iii) a molecule of the type AX₆ having an octahedral geometry.

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205.

Which of the two - NH₃ and NF₃ has higher dipole moment and why?

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206.
What do you understand by resonance?

There are many covalent compounds in which a single definite structure of the compound is not capable of explaining all of its properties. To explain all the properties of such a compound we need the help of two or more structures and the actual compound is somewhat intermediate of these two or more structures i.e. actual compound is the hybrid of these two or more different structures. Thus resonance may be defined as a phenomenon in which a single compound is supposed to be existing as a hybrid of two or more structures differing in the distribution of electrons and not of atoms. These different structures of a molecule are known as contributing structures or resonating structures or canonical forms. No one of the contributing structure truly represents the molecule, but each one of them contributes to the final i.e. actual molecule is intermediate between all the contributing structures. Different contributing structures are written by putting a double head arrow (↔) between them. For example,

(i) Benzene molecule is a resonance hybrid of the following two main contributing structures: