t/s |
0 |
100 |
200 |
300 |
p/pa |
4.00 x 103 |
3.50 x 103 |
3.00 x 103 |
2.5 x103 |
0–100 s, rate = – [3.50 – 400] x 103 Pa/100 s = 5 Pa / s
100-200 s, rate = – [3.00 – 3.50] x 103 Pa/100 s = 5 Pa / s
200-300 s, rate = – [2.50 – 3.00] x 103 Pa / 100 s = 5 Pa / s
We notice that the rate remains constant, therefore, reaction is of zero order.
k = rate = 5 Pa / s
t1 / 2 = initial concentration or pressure/2K
= 4.00 x 103 Pa / 2 x 5 Pa s–1 = 400 s.
Half-life of a reaction: The half-life of a reaction represented as t1/2 is the time required for the reactant concentration to drop to one half of its initial value. Consider the zeroth order reaction.
R → Products
Integrate Zeroth order rate equation.
[R] = – kt + [R]0
where at time t = t1/2, the fraction of [R] that remains [R] / [R]0, therefore above equation can be written
[R]0/2 = – k t1/2 + [ R]0
k1/2 = [R]0 /2
for the first order integrated rate equation
at time
The half life depends on reactant concentration in different order of reactions as follows.
For zero order raction t1/2 ∝ [R]0. For first order reaction t1/2 is independent of R0, for second order reaction t1/2 ∝ 1/[R]0.
For nth order reaction t1/2 ∝ 1/[R]0n–1.
Run |
Initial |
Initial |
Initial rate (mol s–1) |
concentration |
concentration |
||
1 |
0.10 M |
0.1 M |
2.1 x 10–3 |
2 |
0.20 M |
1.0 M |
8.4 x 10–3 |
3 |
0.20 M |
2.0 M |
8.4 x 10–3 |
Determine the order of reaction with respect to A and with respect to B and the overall order of reaction.