Energy of an electron in the ground state of the hydrogen atom is -2.18 X 10-18J. Calculate the ionization enthalpy of atomic hydrogen in terms of J mol-1.
When a single electron is added to a gaseous atom, it forms a monovalent anion and the enthalpy released is called the first electron gain enthalpy. However, when we add the second electron to the negatively charged ion, this addition of electron will be strongly opposed due to the coulomb forces of repulsion. Hence enthalpy must be supplied for the addition of the second electron. For these reasons, the value of second electron affinity or higher electron affinity will have a positive value. For example
First electron gain enthalpy:
Second electron gain enthalpy:
Discuss in brief the factors which influence the magnitude of electron gain enthalpy.
The electron gain enthalpy of fluorine has less negative value than that of chlorine while it is expected to be more. Explain.
Explain which of the following will have the most negative electron gain enthalpy and which the least negative: P, S, CI, F.