181. What is crystal field splitting energy? How does the magnitude of Δ₀ decide the actual configuration of d orbitals in a coordination entity?

The degenerate d-orbitals (in a spherical field environment) split into two levels i.e., e_g and t_2g in the presence of ligands. The splitting of the degenerate levels due to the presence of ligands is called the crystal-field splitting while the energy difference between the two levels (eg and t2g) is called the crystal-field splitting energy. It is denoted by ∆_o.

Fig. d-orbital splitting in an octahedral crystal field.

The formation of complex depend on the crystal field splitting, ∆_o and pairing energy (P).

i)If ∆_o < P, the fourth electron enters one of the eg orbitals giving theconfiguration t_2g³. Ligands for which ∆_o < P are known as weak field ligands and form high spin complexes.

ii) If ∆_o > P, it becomes more energetically favourable for the fourth electron to occupy a t_2g orbital with configuration t_^2g⁴ e_g⁰. Ligands which produce this effect are known as strong field ligands and form low spin complexes.

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182. [Cr(NH₃)₆)³⁺ is paramagnetic while [Ni(CN)₄]^{2 –} is diamagnetic. Explain why?

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183.

Discuss the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.

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184.

Give the oxidation state, d-orbital occuptaion and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
K₃[Co(C₂O₄)₃]

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185.

Give the oxidation state, d-orbital occuptaion and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
cis-[Cr(en) ₂Cl₂]Cl

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186.

Give the oxidation state, d-orbital occuptaion and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
(NH₄)₂[CoF₄]

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187.

Give the oxidation state, d-orbital occuptaion and coordination number of the central metal ion in the following complexes:
[Mn(H₂O)₆SO₄

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188.

Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration & coordination number, Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:
K[Cr(H₂O)₂(C₂O₄)₂]. 3H₂O

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189.

Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration & coordination number, Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:
CrCl₃(py)₃

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190.

Write down the IUPAC name for each of the following complexes and indicate the oxidation state, electronic configuration & coordination number, Also give stereochemistry and magnetic moment of the complex:
Cs[FeCl₄].

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