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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

51. Can equilibrium be achieved between water and its vapour in an open vessel? Explain your answer and say what happens eventually.

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Long Answer Type

52. A vessel has two compartments connected at the top. In one compartment (B), radioactive methyl iodide (CH₃I) is placed and in the other (A) normal methyl iodide (CH₃I) is placed. Will the vaporus over (A) and (B) become radioactive?
Will the radioactivity spread to the liquid in the compartment A? Discuss in terms of dynamic nature of the equilibrium between vapours and its liquid.

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53. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapours in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.

(i) What is the initial effect of the change on the vapour pressure?

(ii) How do the rates of evaporation and condensation change pressure?

(iii) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the Final vapour pressure?

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54. What are reversible and irreversible reactions? Give examples.

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55. Write a short note on the concept of chemical equilibrium.

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56. How will you recognise the equilibrium state?

A reversible reaction is said to be in a state of equilibrium when the rate of the. forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. At equilibrium, the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant provided the conditions under which the reaction is performed are not changed. Some observable properties (colour, concentration, partial pressure or density) of the reactants or products may be used to indicate the concentration of the reaction at equilibrium.
For example, the colour of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) may be used in recognising the equilibrium state when the reaction takes place between carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. During the reaction, the reddish brown colour of nitrogen dioxide slowly fades as it is changed to colourless nitric oxide. After some time, the intensity of the colour decreases and there will be no further change in colour. Then we can say that the equilibrium state is reached.

In the case of dissociation of calcium carbonate, the attainment of equilibrium is recognised by observing the constant partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the manometer.