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Equilibrium

Short Answer Type

211.

Write the conjugate acids for the following Bronsted bases: $NH subscript 2 superscript minus$ , NH₃ and HCOO^–.

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212.

The species: $straight H subscript 2 straight O comma space space HCO subscript 3 superscript minus comma space space space HSO subscript 4 superscript minus space and space NH subscript 3$ can act both as Bronsted acids and bases. For each case give the corresponding conjugate acid and base.

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213.

Identify the acids and bases in the following equilibrium reactions:

$straight i right parenthesis space HCl plus space straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space straight H subscript 3 straight O to the power of plus space plus Cl to the power of minus ii right parenthesis space HNO subscript 3 space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space straight H subscript 3 straight O to the power of plus space plus NO subscript 3 superscript minus iii right parenthesis space CO subscript 3 superscript 2 minus end superscript space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space OH to the power of minus space plus HCO subscript 3 superscript minus$

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214.

Select conjugate acid-base pairs from the following equations?

$straight i right parenthesis space NH subscript 3 space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space NH subscript 4 superscript plus space plus OH to the power of minus ii right parenthesis space straight H subscript 2 SO subscript 4 space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space straight H subscript 3 straight O to the power of plus space plus HSO subscript 4 superscript minus iii right parenthesis space straight H subscript 2 PO subscript 4 superscript minus space plus straight H subscript 2 straight O space rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space straight H subscript 3 straight O to the power of plus space plus HPO subscript 4 superscript 2 minus end superscript$

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215. Describe how water behaves both as an acid or a base.

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216. Comment on the statement: Strong acid has a weak conjugate base and vice-versa.

According to Bronsted Lowry concept:
(i) the strength of an acid depends on upon its tendency to donate proton and
(ii) the strength of base depends on upon its tendency to accept a proton.
Consider a reaction between HNO₃ and water.

HNO₃ has a greater tendency to donate a proton than H₃O⁺ ion. Therefore. HNO₃ is a strong acid, NO₃^– ion has a very little tendency to accept a proton, therefore, NO₃^– ion is a weak base.

Thus strong acid has a weak conjugate base.
Now consider the reaction between acetic acid and water.

Acetic acid has a small tendency to donate a proton, therefore, it is a weak acid. CH₃COO^–ion has strong tendency to accept a proton, therefore, CH₃COO^– ion is a strong base.

Thus weak acid has a strong conjugate base.