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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Short Answer Type

411. Identify the products A and B in Following of reactions:

CH subscript 3 minus CH subscript 2 minus CH space equals space CH subscript 2 space space rightwards arrow with HBr on top space straight A space rightwards arrow with straight C subscript 2 straight H subscript 5 straight O to the power of minus Na to the power of plus on top straight B.

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412. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Ethyl bromide is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

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413. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Chloral is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

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414. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:

CH subscript 2 CH subscript 2 minus OH rightwards arrow from space space straight X equals Br subscript 2 comma space straight I subscript 2 to space space space red space straight P divided by straight X of space

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415. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:

Excess of chlorine is passed through boiling toluene in the presence of sunlight.

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416. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Iodoform is heated with silver powder.

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417.

Explain the reason for the following:
A primary alkylhalide, RX, reacts with KCN to give an alkyl cyanide and with AgCN to give an alkyl isocyanide as the major, product.

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418.

Explain the reason for the following:
Tertiary butyl iodide forms tertiary butyl alcohol with water, but with an alkali solution, it yields isobutylene (2-methyl propene).

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419.
Explain the reason for the following:

Unlike the chlorine atom in CH₃Cl, that in chlorobenzene, C₆H₅Cl is not easily replaced by the -OH group.

Chlorine in chlorobenzene is not easily replaced by -OH group because of resonace effect. In chlorobenzene the electron pairs are in conjugation with pi-electrons of the ring. C-Cl bond acquires a partial double bond character due to resonace. As a result, the bond cleavage in chlorobenzene is difficult than chloromethane.