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Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Short Answer Type

411. Identify the products A and B in Following of reactions:

CH subscript 3 minus CH subscript 2 minus CH space equals space CH subscript 2 space space rightwards arrow with HBr on top space straight A space rightwards arrow with straight C subscript 2 straight H subscript 5 straight O to the power of minus Na to the power of plus on top straight B.

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412. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Ethyl bromide is treated with aqueous potassium hydroxide.

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413. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Chloral is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

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414. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:

CH subscript 2 CH subscript 2 minus OH rightwards arrow from space space straight X equals Br subscript 2 comma space straight I subscript 2 to space space space red space straight P divided by straight X of space

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415. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:

Excess of chlorine is passed through boiling toluene in the presence of sunlight.

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416. Write balanced chemical equations for the following:
Iodoform is heated with silver powder.

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417.

Explain the reason for the following:
A primary alkylhalide, RX, reacts with KCN to give an alkyl cyanide and with AgCN to give an alkyl isocyanide as the major, product.

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418.

Explain the reason for the following:
Tertiary butyl iodide forms tertiary butyl alcohol with water, but with an alkali solution, it yields isobutylene (2-methyl propene).

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419.

Explain the reason for the following:

Unlike the chlorine atom in CH₃Cl, that in chlorobenzene, C₆H₅Cl is not easily replaced by the -OH group.

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420.
Explain the reason for the following:

Halogens delocalize electrons in the benzene ring in the order F > Cl > Br > I.

i)Delocalization of electron in the benzene ring is in the order of F > Cl > Br > I because greater the ability of electronegtivity more is possibilty of electrophillic reaction. Fluorine is most electrongetive element in halogens due to small in size. Hence, it delocalize more electron then others.

ii) As the size increase electronegtivity decrease thus, Iodine is least electronegtive.

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