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Hydrocarbons

Long Answer Type

221. Write a short note on Friedel Craft’s reaction ?

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222. Discuss the important addition reactions of benzene.

(i) The addition of hydrogen. Benzene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel or platinum at 473 to 573K under pressure to form cyclohexane.

(ii) The addition of halogens. Benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of sunlight and absence of halogen carrier to form benzene hexachloride or benzene hexabromide.

BHC is used as an insecticide. It is sold under the name Gammexane or lindane.

(iii) The addition of ozone. Benzene reacts with ozone to form benzene tri ozonide.

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223.

Discuss the oxidation reactions of arenes.

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Short Answer Type

224.

Write chemical equations for the combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:
Butane

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225.

Write chemical equations for the combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:
Pentene

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226.

Write chemical equations for the combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:
Hexyne

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227.

Write chemical equations for the combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:
Toluene

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228.

Write down the products of ozonolysis of 1, 2-dimethylbenzene (o-xylene). How does the result support Kekule structure for benzene?

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229. What happens when:

Benzene is treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl₃.

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230. What happens when:

Toluene is heated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at 303 K.

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