Discuss the mechanism of Friedel Craft’s reaction.OrDiscuss th

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsShort Answer Type

231. What happens when:
Toluene is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid.
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232. What happens when:
p-xylene is heated with alkaline KMnO4.
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233.

What happens when:
Benzene is treated with n-propyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3.

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsLong Answer Type

234.

Discuss the mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene?

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235. Discuss the mechanism of chlorination of benzene.
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236.

How is benzene converted to nitrobenzene? Give mechanism.

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237.

How benzene is converted into benzene sulphonic acid? Give its mechanism.
Or
Explain the mechanism of sulphonation of benzene.

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238.

Discuss the mechanism of Friedel Craft’s reaction.
Or
Discuss the mechanism of Friedel Craft’s alkylation of benzene. Give the mechanism of reaction of benzene within  the presence of AlCl3.

Or

How is benzene converted into aceto-phenone? Name the reaction and discuss the mechanism explaining each step.

Or

Give the mechanism of acylation of benzene.


(A) Friedel-Craft alkylation reaction: Benzene reacts with an alkyl halide (R - X) in the presence of anhydrous AICI3 to form alkyl benzene.



Mechanism. It involves the following steps:

(i) Generation of electrophile:



(ii) Formation of carbocation:


The resonance hybrid structure of the above resonating form can be represented as:


(iii) Transfer of proton from the carbocation to form alkyl benzene:



[B] Friedel-Craft acylation reaction. In acylation of benzene, the hydrogen attached to the carbon atom of the ring gets replaced by the acyl group (RCO-). For example,


Mechanism: It involves following steps:
(i) Generation of electrophile.


(ii) Formation of the carbocation.



The resonance hybrid structure of the above resonating forms can be represented as:



(iii) Proton transfer from the carbocation to form the final product. 



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 Multiple Choice QuestionsShort Answer Type

239.

Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitutions with difficulty?

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsLong Answer Type

240.

Discuss the directive influence of substituents on disubstitution in benzene. 

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