101.Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviatins from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.
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102.Show that the relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute in the solution?
103.Which type of deviation is shown by the solution formed by mixing cyclohexane and ethanol?
ANswer:
Hydrogen bonds exist among the molecules of ethanol (i.e., strong forces). When cyclohexane is added to ethanol, the cyclohexane molecule will come in between the ethanol molecules and disturb the hydrogen bondings. The forces between ethanol and cyclohexane will be weaker than the previous forces (H-bonding), hence there will be positive deviation.
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104.Why should a solution of a non-volatile solute boil at a higher temperature ? Draw the diagram to prove your point?
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105.
(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the change in vapour pressure of a solvent, when a non-volatile solute is added to it. (b) Show that the change in boiling point of the solvent in this diagram?
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106.Illustrate elevation in boiling point with the help of vapour pressure temperature curve of a solution. Show that elevation in boiling point is a colligative property?
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107.Why should the solution of a nonvolatile solute freeze at a lower temperature? Draw a neat diagram to prove your point.
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108.What is the Van’t Hoff factor? How does is modify the equation for the elevation of boiling points?
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109.Sometimes the molecular mass determined from colligative properties of solutions, show abnormal values. Explain?
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110.What are ideal and non-ideal solutions? Mention one nearly ideal solution.
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