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Solutions

Short Answer Type

101. Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviatins from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.

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Long Answer Type

102. Show that the relative lowering of vapour pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is equal to the mole fraction of the solute in the solution?

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Short Answer Type

103. Which type of deviation is shown by the solution formed by mixing cyclohexane and ethanol?

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104. Why should a solution of a non-volatile solute boil at a higher temperature ? Draw the diagram to prove your point?

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105.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the change in vapour pressure of a solvent, when a non-volatile solute is added to it.
(b) Show that the change in boiling point of the solvent in this diagram?

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106. Illustrate elevation in boiling point with the help of vapour pressure temperature curve of a solution. Show that elevation in boiling point is a colligative property?

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107. Why should the solution of a nonvolatile solute freeze at a lower temperature? Draw a neat diagram to prove your point.

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108. What is the Van’t Hoff factor? How does is modify the equation for the elevation of boiling points?

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109. Sometimes the molecular mass determined from colligative properties of solutions, show abnormal values. Explain?

Collegative properties of solution are the properties which depend upon the number of particles present in the solution. When the solute does not undergo any chemical/physical change, the molecular mass of the solute as obtained from the colligative properties is equal to its stoichiometric value.

Therefore in many cases where the solute associate or dissociate in solution certain abnormal values of colligative properties are obtained the value of molecule masses calculated based on colligative properties in such cases will also be abnormal.

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110. What are ideal and non-ideal solutions? Mention one nearly ideal solution.

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