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211. Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.

Positive deviation from a Raoult's law:

Mixture of ethanol and cyclohexane show positive deviation when pure ethanol is added to cyclohexane the molecule of cyclohexane come in between the molecule of ethanol which result in the breaking of hydrogen bond and thus positive deviation.

Negative deviation from Raoult's law:

Mixture of chloroform and acetone shows negtive deviation when these are mixed hydrogen bond is formed and negtive deviation is shown:

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212. State Raoult’s law for solutions where only solvent is volatile. Derive a mathematical exression for this law.

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213.

State with a suitable diagram and appropriate examples why some non-ideal solutions. Show positive deviation from ideal behaviour.

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214. What is meant by abnormal mass of solute? Discuss the factors which bring abnormality in the experimentally determined molecular masses of solutes using colligative properties.

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215. State the type of non-ideality exhibited by a solution of cyclohexane and ethanol or a solution of acetone and chloroform (only one case). Give reason for your answer.

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216. Miscible liquid pairs often show negative or positive deviation from Raoult’s law. What is the reason for such deviations? Give one example of each type of liquid pairs.

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Long Answer Type

217. Define vapour pressure of a liquid. What happens to the vapour pressure when (a) a volatile solute dissolves in the liquid and (b) non-volatile solute dissolvedin it?

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218. Show graphically how the vapour pressure of a solvent and a solution in it of a non-volatile solute change with temperature. Show on this graph the boiling points of the solvent and the solution. Which is higher and why?

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219. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol (C₂H₄(OH)₂) and 200 g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of this solution be 1.072 g ml^–1, what will be the molarity of the solution?

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220. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) present per litre in its aqueous solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another solution of glucose is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would be its concentration?

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Previous Year Papers

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Short Answer Type

211. Give one example each of miscible liquid pairs showing positive and negative deviations from Raoult’s law. Give one reason for such deviations.

Long Answer Type