Explain what is meant by 'critical phenomenon'? What are 'critical constants' of a gas?
Describe briefly the Isotherm of Carbon dioxide.
Or
Briefly describe the Isotherm of Carbon dioxide as studied by Andrews.
On the basis of kinetic molecular theory of liquids, how can you explain the following properties of liquids:
(i) Volume (ii) Density
(iii) Compressibility (iv) Diffusion?
What is evaporation?
The spontaneous change in which a liquid change into vapours (or gaseous) at the surface of the liquid is called evaporation.
Evaporation may be explained in terms of the motion of molecules. At any given temperature, all the molecules do not possess the same kinetic energy (average kinetic energy is. however, same). Some molecules move slowly, some at intermediate rates and some move very fast. Rapidly moving molecules near the surface of the liquid, possessing extremely high energies are sufficient to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction. These molecules tend to escape into space above the liquid surface and form vapours.
Explain briefly the term "vapour pressure" . What are the factors on which vapour pressure of a liquid depends?