Short Answer TypeHow many electrons are there in the valence quantum level of copper(Atomic, number = 29)?
The atomic number of a certain element is 17. Determine the number of electrons in each shell of the atom.
How many number of unpaired electrons are present in the ground state of Fe3+?(Atomic number of Fe is 26).
Long Answer TypeHow can you say that electron is a universal constituent of all atoms?
Discharge tube experiments have revealed that electrons constituting the cathode rays are identical irrespective of material of cathode or gas used in the discharge tube. All these electrons are found to have same value of e/m . Thus cathode rays consist of fundamental common particles known as electrons.
Moreover, electrons can be also emitted:
(i) by heating certain metal filaments to high temperature,
(ii) by the radioactive substances in the form of β-rays and
(iii) by exposing certain metal surfaces especially the alkali metals to certain suitable high frequency radiations such as ultraviolet or X-rays.
From the above discussion, it is clear that electrons can be emitted from all kinds of matter and value of e/m is found to be the same regardless of the source or method by which electrons are obtained. Therefore, it can be concluded that electrons are universal (or common) constituents of all matter.
What are anode rays? How do they originate? Briefly explain their important properties.
Short Answer Type
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