Short Answer Type
Long Answer TypeHow is position of electron and proton in an atom established? Describe an experiment in this regard.
Or
Describe Rutherford's scattering experiment. How did it lead to Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom?
Or
Describe an experiment which provides evidence that most of the charge and mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus.
Short Answer TypeHow will you explain the observations of Rutherford's α-ray scattering experiment?
(i) Most of the space in an atom between the nucleus and revolving electrons is empty. So most of α-particles will pass through an atom without any deflection. Electrons may cause only minor deflections to α-particles.
(ii) Alpha particles (He2+) have two units of positive charge while the nucleus of gold contains 79 protons. The nucleus will repel the α-particles. Since the size of the nucleus is very small, so only a few α-particles will pass by its side and deflected by a small angle.
(iii) A very few α-particles (1 in 20000) may hit or try to hit the small nucleus and these will be deflected backwards through angles greater than 90°.
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