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Structure of Atom

Short Answer Type

91.

Describe briefly Thomson model of an atom.

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Long Answer Type

92.

How is position of electron and proton in an atom established? Describe an experiment in this regard.
Or
Describe Rutherford's scattering experiment. How did it lead to Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom?
Or
Describe an experiment which provides evidence that most of the charge and mass of an atom is concentrated in its nucleus.

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Short Answer Type

93.

How will you explain the observations of Rutherford's α-ray scattering experiment?

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94. In Rutherford’s experiment, generally the thin foil of heavy atoms like gold, platinum etc. have been used to be bombarded by the α-particles. If the thin foil of light atoms like aluminium etc. is used, what difference would be observed from the above results?

Heavy atoms (like gold and platinum) have a heavy nucleus carrying the huge amount of positive charge. As a result of bombardment, some α-particles are easily deflected back on hitting the nucleus. Also, a number of α-particles are deflected through small angles because of large positive charge on the nucleus. If we use light atoms such as aluminium, then such atoms will be light and have a small positive charge on the nucleus. Hence, the number of particles deflected back and those deflected through the same angle will be negligible.

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