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The Solid State

Short Answer Type

21. What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by
(i) ZnS, (ii) AgBr (iii) KCl

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22. Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of higher valence is added as an impurity in it.

If we mix a small amount of molten strontium chloride (SrCl₂) with molten sodium chloride (NaCl) and the resulting solution is cooled, in the crystals of NaCl some Na⁺ ions will get replaced by Sr²⁺ ions. In order to maintain electron neutrality too Na⁺ ions are to leave their respective lattice sites. However, one out of them will be occupied by the Sr²⁺ion while the other will remain unoccupied or it will be vacant. Thus vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid.

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23. Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitale example.

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24. A group 14 element is to be converted into N-type semi-conductor by doping it with a suitable impurity. To which group should this impurity belong?

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25. What type of substances would make better permanent magnets, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic, justify your answer.

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26. how many the number of tetrahedral and octahedral voids are present in a cubic close packed structure of A spheres?

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27. What would be the number of tetrahedral and octahedral voids,In a face centred cubic unit cell (i.e., ccp structure) 4 atoms/ions are present?

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28. What type of point defect in a crystal of zinc sulphate?

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29. A cubic solid is made of two elements Y and Z. Atoms of Z are at the corners of the cube and Y at the body centre. What is the formula of the compound?

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30. MgO has rock salt type structure. What is the co-ordination number of each ion?

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