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The Solid State

Short Answer Type

131.

In terms of band theory, what is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?

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132.

In terms of band theory, what is the difference between a conductor and a semi-conductor?

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133. Explain the following terms with suitable examples:
'Schottky defect'

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134. Explain the following term with suitable examples:
'Frenkel defect'

It is a type of vacancy defect. In ionic compounds, some of the ions (usually smaller in size) get dislocated from their original site and create defect. This defect is known as Frenkel Defects. Since this defect arises because of dislocation of ions, thus it is also known as Dislocation Defects. As there are a number of cations and anions (which remain equal even because of defect); the density of the substance does not increase or decrease.

Ionic compounds; having large difference in the size between their cations and anions; show Frenkel Defects, such as ZnS, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc. These compounds have smaller size of cations compared to anions.

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135. Explain the following term with suitable examples:
'Interstitials'.

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136. Explain the following term with suitable examples:
'F-centres'.

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137. Examine the illustration of a portion of the defective crystal given below and answer the following questions:
(i) What are these types of vacancy defects called?
(ii) How is the density of a crystal affected by these defects?
(iii) Name one ionic compound which can show this type of defect in the crystalline state.
(iv) How is the stoichiometry of the compound effected?

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138. Schottky defects generate an equal number of cation and anion vacancies while doping produces only cation vacancies and not anion vacancies. Why?

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Long Answer Type

139. The ions of NaF and MgO all have the same number of electrons, and the internuclear distance are about the same (235 pm and 215 pm). Why then are the melting points of NaF and MgO so different. (992°C and 2642°C)?

1780 Views