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The Solid State

Short Answer Type

221. Which solid is likely to be the best material for converting sunlight into electricity?

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222. In an alloy of gold and cadmium, gold crystallizes in cubic structure occupying the corners only and cadmium fits into the face centre voids. What is quantitative composition of the alloy?

In an alloy of gold and cadmium, gold crystallizes in cubic structure occupying the corners only and cadmium fits into the face centre voids.

Number of gold atoms =1/8 x 8 =1Au

Number of candium atoms =1/2 x 6 =3Cd

Hence, quantitative composition on = AuCd₃

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223. What is the difference between glass and quartz, though both contain SiO₄^4– units?

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224. What is the effect of Frenkel defect on electrical conductivity of the solid?

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225. What other element may be added to silicon to make electrons available for the conduction of electric current?

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226. Why does Frenkel defect not change the density of AgCl crystal?

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227. What is the difference between ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic substances?

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228. Which ‘point defect’ lowers the density of ionic crystals?

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Long Answer Type

229. Assign reasons the following:
(i) Phosphorus doped silicon is a semi-conductor.
(ii) Schottky defect lowers the density of a solid.
(iii) Some of the very old glass objects appear slightly milky instead of being transparent.

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230. What is a semiconductor? Describe two main types of semiconductors, giving examples and their distinctive features.

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