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The Solid State

Short Answer Type

221. Which solid is likely to be the best material for converting sunlight into electricity?

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222. In an alloy of gold and cadmium, gold crystallizes in cubic structure occupying the corners only and cadmium fits into the face centre voids. What is quantitative composition of the alloy?

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223. What is the difference between glass and quartz, though both contain SiO₄^4– units?

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224. What is the effect of Frenkel defect on electrical conductivity of the solid?

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225. What other element may be added to silicon to make electrons available for the conduction of electric current?

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226. Why does Frenkel defect not change the density of AgCl crystal?

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227. What is the difference between ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic substances?

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228. Which ‘point defect’ lowers the density of ionic crystals?

Schottky Defect lowers the density of ionic crystal.

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Long Answer Type

229. Assign reasons the following:
(i) Phosphorus doped silicon is a semi-conductor.
(ii) Schottky defect lowers the density of a solid.
(iii) Some of the very old glass objects appear slightly milky instead of being transparent.

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230. What is a semiconductor? Describe two main types of semiconductors, giving examples and their distinctive features.

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