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The d-And-f-Block Elements

Short Answer Type

181.

Explain the following facts:
Transition metals form coloured complexes.

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182.

Give reasons:
Among transition metals, the highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.

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183.

Give reasons:
Ce⁴⁺ is used as an oxidising agent in volumetric analysis.

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184.

Give reasons:
Zn²⁺ salts are white while Cu²⁺ salts are blue.

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185.
Why La, Gd and Lu has low value of 3rd ionisation enthalpies?

The electronic configuration of lanthanum is 4f⁰ 5d¹ 6s², electronic configuration of Gadolinium is 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² and electronic configuration of Lutetium 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s². The lanthanum (La), gadolium (Gd) and Lutetium (Lu) acquires empty, half filled and fully filled 4f subshell respectively in their M³⁺ state and due to the exchange enthalpy, this state acquires extra-stability and they have low 3rd ionisation enthalpy.

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186. Why is cerium a good analytical reagent?

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187. Given below are the electrode potential values, E° for some of the first row of transition elements:
Elements V(23) Cr(24) Mn(25)Fe(26)Co(27)Ni(28) Cu(29)
E°_M²⁺/M(V) –1.18 – 0.91 – 0.44 – 0.28 –0.28 –0.25 +0.34
Explain the irregularities in these values on the basis of electronic structures of atoms.

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