Short Answer TypeHow would you account for the following?
(i) Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states.
(ii) Zr (Z = 40) and Hf (Z = 72) have almost identical radii.
(iii) Transition metals and their compounds act as catalystName the two groups into which phenomenon of catalysis can be divided. Give an example of each group with the chemical equation involved.
Explain the following giving an appropriate reason in each case.
O2 and F2 both stabilise higher oxidation states of metals but O2 exceeds F2 in doing so.
O2 and F2 both stabilise high oxidation states with metal but the tendency is greater in oxygen than fluorine. It is because O2 bears -2 charges for each oxygen atom while F2 bears only -1 for each atom thus the force of attraction between the metal atom and O2-ion is greater than the force between the same metal atom and F- ion. Thus, oxygen has the ability to form multiple bonds with transition element whereas fluorine does not have the ability to form multiple bonds with transition elements. Hence, O2 gets the higher state of metals.
Explain the following giving an appropriate reason in each case.
Structures of Xenon fluorides cannot be explained by Valence Bond approach.
How would you account for the following?
i) Many of the transition elements are known to form interstitial compounds.
ii)The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition metals are virtually the same as those of the corresponding group member of the second (4d) series.
iii) Lanthanoids from primarily +3 ions, while the actinoids usually have higher oxidation states in their compounds, +4 or even + 6 being typical.
Assign reasons for the following:
(i) Copper (I) ion is not known in aqueous solution.
(ii) Actinoids exhibit greater range of oxidation states than Lanthanoids.
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