Long Answer TypeWhat is the physical significance of entropy?
Physical significance: Entropy has been regarded as a measure of disorder or randomness of a system. Thus when a system goes from a more orderly to less orderly state, there is an increase in its randomness and hence entropy of the system increases. Conversely, if the change is one in which there is an increase in orderliness, there is a decrease in entropy. For example, when a solid changes to a liquid, an increase in entropy takes place, because with the breaking of the orderly arrangement of the molecules in the crystal to the less orderly liquid state, the randomness increases. The process of vaporisation produces an increase in randomness in the distribution of molecules, hence an increase in entropy. When two gases are mixed, the molecules of the gases intermix to achieve more randomness.
Thus, this concept of entropy (measure of randomness) has led to the conclusion that all substances in their normal crystalline state at absolute zero temperature would be in the condition of maximum orderly arrangement, because all motion has essentially ceased at ‘0 K.’ In other words, entropy of a substance at 0 K is minimum.
Short Answer TypeAccount for the following:
(i) Why does real crystal have more entropy than an ideal crystal?
(ii) Why the entropy of a pure substance is taken as zero at absolute zero?
(iii) Why the entropy of the universe is continuously increasing?
Predict the change in entropy for the system in which the following physical changes occur:
(i) Dissolving cream in a cup of coffee.
(ii) The beating of an egg for an omellete.
(iii) The formation of a rain drop in a cloud.
(iv) The crystallization of a metal alloy from the molten state.
In the following changes, state whether order has increased or decreased and consequently the direction of change of entropy of the system:
In the following changes, state whether order has increased or decreased and consequently by the direction of change of entropy of the system:
Will entropy increased or decrease during boiling of an egg? Comment on the statement.
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