If the edges of a rectangular parallelepiped are a, b, c, show t

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsShort Answer Type

101.

Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 2, 4), (-2, 1, 2), (2, 4, -3).

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsLong Answer Type

102. A line makes angle α, β, γ and δ with the diagonals of a cube, prove that
cos squared straight alpha space plus space cos squared straight beta space plus space cos squared straight gamma space space plus cos squared straight delta space equals space 4 over 3.
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103. If the edges of a rectangular parallelepiped are a, b, c, show that the angles between four diagonals are given by cos–1open parentheses fraction numerator straight a squared plus-or-minus straight b squared plus-or-minus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses.


Take O, a comer of the rectangular parallelopipied, as origin and OA, OB, OC, the three edges through it as the axes.


Let ΔA = a, OB = b, OC = c, then the co-ordinates of O, A, B, C are (0, 0, 0), (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0), (0, 0, c) respectively.
The co-ordinates of other points are shown in the figure.
The four diagonals are OP, AL, BM, CN
Direction-cosines of OP are a – 0, b – 0, c – 0 i.e., a, b. c respectively
Direction-cosines of AL are 0 – a, b – 0, c – 0 i.e., – a, b. c respectively
Direction-cosines of BM are a – 0, 0 – b, c – 0 i.e., a,– b, c respectively
Direction-cosines of CN are a – 0, b – 0, 0 – c i.e., a, b, – c respectively.
Let θ be the angle between OP and AL.
therefore space space cos space straight alpha space equals space fraction numerator left parenthesis straight a right parenthesis left parenthesis negative straight a right parenthesis space plus space left parenthesis straight b right parenthesis thin space left parenthesis straight b right parenthesis space plus space left parenthesis straight c right parenthesis thin space left parenthesis straight c right parenthesis over denominator square root of straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end root space square root of straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end root end fraction space equals space fraction numerator negative straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction
therefore space space space space space straight alpha space equals space cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator negative straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses
therefore angle between OP and AL = cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator negative straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses
Similarly angle between OP and BM = cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator straight a squared minus straight b squared plus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses
and angle between OP and CN = cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator straight a squared plus straight b squared minus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses
Proceeding in this way, we see that angles between four diagonals are given by 
cos to the power of negative 1 end exponent open parentheses fraction numerator straight a squared plus-or-minus straight b squared plus-or-minus straight c squared over denominator straight a squared plus straight b squared plus straight c squared end fraction close parentheses.

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104. Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube.
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105. Show that the line joining the middle points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half of it in length.
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106. A variable line in two adjacent positions has direction cosines < l, m, n > and < l + δl, m + δm, n + δn >. Show that the small angle δθ between two positions is given by
(δθ )2 = (δl)2 + (δm)2 + (δn)2
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107.

Find the angle between the two lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations:
l + m + n = 0,           l2 + m2 – n2 = 0

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108. Find the angle between the two lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations:
2 l – m + 2 n = 0 and m n + n l + l m = 0
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109. Find the angle between the two lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations:
l + m + n = 0 and 2 l + 2 m – m n = 0
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110. Show that the straight lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations uI + vm + wn = 0, a I2 + b m2 + cn2 = 0 are 
(i) perpendicular if u2 (b + c) + v2 (c + a) + w2 (a + b) = 0
(ii) parallel if straight u squared over straight a plus straight v squared over straight b plus straight w squared over straight c equals 0.

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