The following table shows selected characters used in analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of four plant taxa:

Taxon	Xylem or Phloem	Wood	Seed	Flowers
T1	+	-	-	-
T2	+	+	+	+
T3	+	+	+	-
T4	-	-	-	-

Taxa T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ are respectively:

• Ferns, Oaks, Pines, Hornworts

• Oaks, Pines, Hornworts, Ferns

• Hornworts, Pines, Oaks, Ferns

• Ferns, Pines, Oaks, Hornworts

Given below are the main characteristics of a few mammalian orders. Match the names of the animals with the characteristics of their orders:

A. Hooves with even number of toes on each foot, omnivorous.

B. Teeth consisting of many thin tubes cemented together, eats ants and termites.

C. Opposable thumbs, forward facing eyes, well developed cerebral cortex omnivorous.

D. Hooves within odd number of toes on each foot; herbivorous

(i) Tapir; (ii) Lemur; (iii) Aardvark; (iv) Pig

Choose the correct combination

• A - (iii); B - (iv); C - (i); D - (ii)

• A - (i); B - (iv); C - (ii); D - (ii)

• A - (iv); B - (iii); C - (ii); D - (i)

• A - (iv); B - (iv); C - (i); D - (ii)

Match the five (A - E) group of organisms with their correct taxonomic rank (i - v) given below:

Group	Taxonomic group
A. Crustacea	(i) Order
B. Hominidae	(ii) Domain
C. Dermaptera	(iii) Class
D. Ctenophora	(iv) Phylum
E. Archaea	(v) Family

• A - (iii); B - (i); C - (v); D - (iv); E - (ii)

• A - (i); B - (ii); C - (iii); D - (iv); E - (iv)

• A - (iv); B - (iii); C - (ii); D - (i); E - (v)

• A - (iii); B - (v); C - (i); D - (iv); E - (ii)

The following are matches made between adult animals and their larval forms:

A. Copepods - Nauplius

B. Sea cucumber - Zoes

C. Sea urchin - Echinopleuteus

D. Crabs - Auricularia

E. Star fish - Bipinnaria

F. Brittle star - Ophipleuteus

Which one of the combinations below reflects INCORRECT matches?

• A, C, E

• B and D

• B only

• F only

The phylogenetic tree of amniote vertebrates is given in the following diagram

The groups labelled A, B, C, and D are

• A - Snakes; B - Turtles; C - Birds; D - Mammals

• A - Snakes; B - Turtles; C - Mammals; D - Birds

• A- Turtles; B - Birds; C - Snakes; D - Mammals

• A - Birds; B - Turtles; C - Snakes; D - Mammals

Following is a cladogram of the major taxonomic groups of the angiosperms:

Group A-E represent respectively:

• Astrobaileyales, Nymphaedales, Amborellales, Chloranthaceae, Magnoliids.

• Amborellales, Astrobaileyales, Nymphaedales, Magnoliids, Chloranthaceae

• Amborellales, Nymphaedales, Astrobaileyales, Chloranthaceae, Magnoliids

• Amborellales, Nymphaedales, Chloranthaceae, Magnoliids, Astrobaileyales

Which of the following is the correct match of the algal group with its food reserve?

Algal group	Carbohydrate Reserve
A. Bacillariophyceae	i. Oil
B. Xanthphyceae	ii. Floridean starch
C. Phaephyceae	iii. Laminarin
D. Rhodophyceae	iv. Chrysolaminarin
	v. Starch

• A - (iv); B - (i); C - (iii); D - (ii)

• A - (ii); B - (i); C -(iii); D - (iv)

• A -(iv); B - (i); C - (ii); D - (v)

• A - (i); B - (v); C - (iii); D - (ii)

According to 2014 IUCN Red List, which of the following vertebrate classes has the largest percentage of threatened species?

• Mammals

• Birds

• Reptiles

• Amphibians

Which one of the following gymnosperm phyla produces motile sperms, bears ovulate and microsporangia cones on separate plants and has fleshy, coated seeds?

• Coniferophyta

• Cycadophyta

• Ginkgophyta

• Gnetophyta

Identify the correct match between the animal (flatworm, earthworm, roundworm) and its body cavity type (acoelomate, coelomate, pseudocoelomate):

• Roundworm - pseudocoelomate; Earthworm - acoelomate; Flatworm - coelomate

• Roundworm - acoelomate; Earthworm - coelomate; Flatworm - acoelomate

• Roundworm - pseudocoelomate; Earthworm - coelomate; Flatworm - acoelomate.

• Roundworm - coelomate; Earthworm - pseudocoelomate; Flatworm - acoelomate