The utilization or consumption efficiency of herbivores is highest in

• plankton communities of ocean waters.

• mature temperate forests

• managed grasslands

• managed rangelands

In which ecosystem is the autotroph-fixed energy likely to reach the primary carnivore level in the shortest time?

• Temperate deciduous forest

• Grassland

• Ocean

• Tropical rain forest

Which of the following global hotspots of biodiversity has the highest number of endemic plants and vertebrates?

• Sundaland

• Tropical Andes

• Brazil's Atlantic Forest

• Mesoamerican forests

Which of the following is NOT a prediction arising out of Wilson-MacArthur's Theory of Island Biogeography?

• The number of species on an island should increase with its size/ area.

• The number of species should decrease with increasing distance of the island from the source pool.

• The turnover of species should be common and frequent.

• Species richness on an island should be related to its average distance to the neighboring islands.

Which of the following National parks has the highest density of tigers among protected areas in the world?

• Jim Corbett

• Kaziranga

• Keoladeo Ghana

• Manas

Individuals occupying a particular habitat and adapted to it phenotypically but not genotypically are known as

• Ecophenes

• Ecotypes

• Ecospecies

• Coenospecies

A plot of dN/ dt as a function of population density yields a

• rectangular hyperbola

• negative exponential curve

• positive rectilinear curve

• bell-shaped curve

For a species having logistic growth, if K = 20,000 and r = 0.15, the maximum sustainable yield will be

• 450

• 1500

• 3000

• 6000

Which of the following is a correct ranking of ecosystems based on the root: shoot ratio of plants?

• Tropical wet forest > Tropical dry forest > Temperate grassland > Tropical grassland

• Temperate grassland > Tropical dry forest > Temperate wet forest > Tropical dry forest

• Tropical dry forest > Tropical wet forest > Tropical grassland > Temperate grassland

• Temperate grassland > Tropical grassland > Tropical dry forest > Tropical wet forest

Following is a hypothetical life table for a species.

Age class (x)	Number alive (nx)	Number dying (dx)	Age specific survivorship (lx)	Age specific fertility (mx)
0-5	100	50	-	0.0
5-10	50	-	0.5	0.5
10-15	-	10	-	0.5
15-20	20	10	0.2	1.0
20-25		10	-	1.0

Which one of the following is the correct net reproductive rate (R₀)?

• 0.0

• 0.3

• 0.7

• 1.5