The "Red Queen Hypothesis" is related to 

• the mating order in the harem of a polygamous male.

• the elimination by deleterious mutations by sexual reproductions.

• mate selection process by a female in a lek.

• the evolutionary arms race between the host and the parasite.

Individual A can derive 'fitness' benefit of 160 units by helping Individual B, but incurs a 'fitness' cost of 50 units in doing so. Following Hamilton's Rule, A should help B ONLY if B is his

• brother or sister

• first cousin only

• cousin or uncle

• nephew or niece

In several populations, each of size N = 20, if genetic drift results in a change in the relative frequencies of alleles,

A. What is the rate of increase per generation in the proportion of populations in which the allele is lost or fixed?

B. What is the rate of decrease per generation in each allele frequency class between 0 and 1?

The correct answer for A and B is:

• A - 0.25; B - 0.125

• A - 0.025; B - 0.0125

• A - 0.0125; B - 0.025

• A - 0.125; B - 0.25

84.

Which of the following statements about evolution is NOT true?

• Evolution is the product of natural selection.

• Evolution is goal-oriented

• Prokaryotes evolve faster than eukaryotes

• Evolution need not always lead to a better phenotype.

The origin and diversification of Angiosperms was during which geological period?

• Permian

• Triassic

• Jurassic

• Cretaceous

Which one of the following conditions is NOT likely to favour male monogamy?

• When the male has to guard his mate against mating by another male.

• When the male wants to spend more time for foraging.

• When the male has to assist the mate in brood and nestling care.

• When the female guards her mate against seeking other females to mate.

A particular behavioural variant affects the fitness of an organism. The relationship between the frequency of the variant in the population and fitness are plotted below. In which of these cases is the behavioural variant likely to reach a frequency of 1?

• Only b

• Only c

• b and d

• a and d

With reference to the graph given below, identify the optimal territory size.

• A

• B

• C

• D

Following is a cladogram showing phylogenetic relationships among a group of plants:

In the above representation, A, B, C, and D respectively represent.

• xylem and phloem, embryo, flower, seed

• embryo, xylem and phloem, seed, flower

• embryo, xylem and phloem, flower, seed

• xylem and phloem, flower, embryo, seed

Match major events in the history of life with Earth's geological period.

Event	Geological period
A. First reptiles	i. Quaternary
B. First mammals	ii. Tertiary
C. First humans	iii. Cretaceous
D.First amphibians	iv. Triassic
	v. Carboniferous
	vi. Devonian

• A - v; B - i; C - ii; D - v

• A - v; B - iv; C - i; D - vi

• A - vi; B - iv; C - ii; D - vi

• A - iii; B - i; C - vi; D - v