Given below is a marker profile for two parental lines (P₁ and P₂) and their derived F₁ progeny:

The marker that is represented in the above fiqure is most likely to be:

• RFLP or SSR

• SSR only

• SSR or RAPD

• RAPD only

DNA vaccines offer several advantages over other existing vaccine approaches. Which one of the following statements related to DNA vaccines is not correct?

• The immune response is directed to the antigen encoded by the DNA and able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity

• DNA vaccine can induce prolonged expression of the antigen, enchancing the induction of immunological memory

• DNA vaccine could remains stable and potent for long time without refrigeration, eliminating the challenges of storage and transportation

• DNA vaccines construct can be engineered to carry several antigen to infect host and replicate in neuronal cells.

Detergents at low concentration generally do not denature protein and are thus used for extracting proteins in their field folded and active form. For isolation of 'Porins", an E.coli membrane proteins, which one of the following purification approaches will be most appropirate?

• Use of low concentration of non-ionic detergents without salt

• Use of low concentration of ionic detergents

• Use of salt solution containing non-ionic detergents

• use of salts solution containing ionic detergents

In an experiment, intact chromatin was isolated and digested with micrococcal nuclease in independent tubes for 30 min,1h,2h, and 4h. Further, the DNA was purified from each tube,seperated on agarose gel and southern hybridization wa performed with rRNA gene probe and centromeric DNA probe. Which one of the following patterns of signal intensity from both of the probes is likely to be obtained following Southern hybridization?

• With increasing time, compared to centromeric probe, a rapid increase in signal intensity of rRNA gene probe was observed

• With increasing time, compared to centromeric probe, a rapid decrease in signal intensity of rRNA gene probe was observed

• Irrespective of incubation period, both probes produced identical band intensities

• Treatement with micrococcal nuclease woukld instantly degrade the DNA, hence , no, hybridization signal would be obtained in any of the samples

Highly purified peptides P1, P2 and P3 were subjected to MALDI mass spectral analysis. The following observations were made:

P1: Showed a m/z of 16 more than the expected value.

P2: Showed a m/z of 80 more than the expected value. MS/MS spectra of the peptide resulted in a precursor ion with m/z 98 less than the expected m/z.

P3: Showed a m/z that was double the expected value.

[ Note: z=+1 for all the mass spectra].

Which one of the options given below comprises all correct interpertations?

• P1: Cys is oxidized; P2: has undergone oxidation at multiple Met residues; P3: is a non-covalent dimer.

• P1: Met is oxidized; P2: is phosphorylated; P3: is a covalents dimer.

• P1: Met is oxidized; P2: is phosphorylated; P3: is a covalent dimer.

• P1: Cys is oxidized; P2: Phosphorylated and oxidized at Met; P3: is a non- covalent dimer.

Detailed NMR spectra of a 20-residue peptide were recorded using a 600MHz instrument. If the peptide adpots and α-helical conformation, which one of the following statements is correct?

• Prominent NH_i-NH_i+1 NOE peaks would be observed along with ³J_NH-HA coupling constant ∼8.5 Hz.

• Prominent C_αH_i-NH_i+1 NOE peaks would be observed along with ³J_NH-HA coupling constant ∼4.8 Hz.

• Prominent C_αH_i-NH_i+1 NOE peaks with ³J_NH-HA coupling constant ∼8.5 Hz.

• Prominent NH_i-NH_i+1 NOE peaks  with ³J_NH-HA coupling constant ∼4.8 Hz.

The most important property of any microscope is its resolution (D). Which one of the following wavelenght (nm) would be used to achieve the best resolution using a light microscope with lense having numerical aperture (NA) of 1.4?

• 450 

• 480

• 560

• 700

Given below are names of techniques (column A) and their characteristics features/ application (column B):

Column A	Column B
(a) Hybridoma technology	(i) separation of protein according to charge
(b) MALDI-TOF	(ii) Identification of protein complexes in cell
(c) Ion- exchange chromatography	(iii) Production of identical antibodies
(d) Co-immunoprecipitation	(iv) Determination of molecular weight of protein and/ or peptides

Which one of the following represents a correcr match between column A and column B:

• (a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
  (ii)	(iii)	(iv)	(i)

• (a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
  (iii)	(iv)	(i)	(ii)

• (a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
  (iv)	(i)	(ii)	(iii)

• (a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
  (ii)	(iv)	(i)	(iii)

Which one of the following is used as a sources of excitation in a confocal microscope?

• laser

• Electron beam

• Mercury lamp

• Masers