Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of the four alternative.

I was beginning to tire a little now. I had been cutting steps continuously for two hours, and Tenzing, too, was moving very slowly. As I chipped steps around still another corner, I wondered rather dully just how long we could keep it up. Our original zest had now quite gone and it was turning more into a grim struggle. I then realised that the ridge ahead, instead ofstill monotonously rising, now dropped sharply away, and far below I could see the North Col and Rongbuk glacier. I looked upwards to see a narrow ridge running up to a snowy summit. A few more whacks of the ice-axe in the firm snow and we stood on top.

'It was turning more into a grim struggle' would mean

• that after the long exertion he was feeling so weak that any further climbing meant a hard struggle with the forces of nature

• that Tenzing was making the task more difficult

• that strong cold wind pushing him down from above and that he had to struggle with the forces of nature

• that he was in a mood to give up ultimately

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

In a free country, the man who reaches the position of leader is usually one of outstanding character and ability. Moreover, it is usually possible to foresee that he will reach such a position, since early in life one can see his qualities of character. But this is not always true in the case of a dictator; often he reaches his position of power through chance, very often through the unhappy state of his country. It is possible that Hitler would never have become the leader of Germany if that country had not been driven to despair.

In a free country, one who becomes a leader

• must be of outstanding character and ability

• must show qualities of character from an early age

• is generally of a remarkable character and ability

• must see that his country is free from despair

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

In a free country, the man who reaches the position of leader is usually one of outstanding character and ability. Moreover, it is usually possible to foresee that he will reach such a position, since early in life one can see his qualities of character. But this is not always true in the case of a dictator; often he reaches his position of power through chance, very often through the unhappy state of his country. It is possible that Hitler would never have become the leader of Germany if that country had not been driven to despair.

Hitler became a leader because

• he exhibited leadership qualities

• Germany was a free country

• Germany was in despair

• Germans wanted a dictator

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

In a free country, the man who reaches the position of leader is usually one of outstanding character and ability. Moreover, it is usually possible to foresee that he will reach such a position, since early in life one can see his qualities of character. But this is not always true in the case of a dictator; often he reaches his position of power through chance, very often through the unhappy state of his country. It is possible that Hitler would never have become the leader of Germany if that country had not been driven to despair.

The passage seems to suggest that

• despair sometimes leads to dictatorship

• Hitler was no leader

• a leader is chosen only by a free country

• a leader foresees his future position

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

The dog is a very intelligent animal and it can be trained for many duties. Some dogs work with the police and the army as sentries and trackers, and there are medals that are awarded to dogs for bravery in action. Other dogs act as seeing-eyes for the blind, and some breeds are specially trained for rescue work among mountains and snow. Jobs like herding sheep and cattle and guarding homes are also done by them. Whenever man lives and works in the Arctic Circle, in the desert, in the jungle, in the moors or mountains, the dog is his faithful companion and help. A common mongrel may possess these qualities just as much as the aristocratic bloodhound.

The passage tells us that dogs

• can be trained to do different kinds of work

• are capable of difficult work

• are of different types

• alone are a great help to man

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

The dog is a very intelligent animal and it can be trained for many duties. Some dogs work with the police and the army as sentries and trackers, and there are medals that are awarded to dogs for bravery in action. Other dogs act as seeing-eyes for the blind, and some breeds are specially trained for rescue work among mountains and snow. Jobs like herding sheep and cattle and guarding homes are also done by them. Whenever man lives and works in the Arctic Circle, in the desert, in the jungle, in the moors or mountains, the dog is his faithful companion and help. A common mongrel may possess these qualities just as much as the aristocratic bloodhound.

Medals are awarded to some dogs for

• their brave deeds

• working with the police

• serving as sentries

• being able to perform difficult work

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

The dog is a very intelligent animal and it can be trained for many duties. Some dogs work with the police and the army as sentries and trackers, and there are medals that are awarded to dogs for bravery in action. Other dogs act as seeing-eyes for the blind, and some breeds are specially trained for rescue work among mountains and snow. Jobs like herding sheep and cattle and guarding homes are also done by them. Whenever man lives and works in the Arctic Circle, in the desert, in the jungle, in the moors or mountains, the dog is his faithful companion and help. A common mongrel may possess these qualities just as much as the aristocratic bloodhound.

The passage implies that

• only dogs are faithful but not man

• man would have felt helpless without dogs

• the dog has certain qualities that make it man's trustworthy companion

• dogs can do almost anything

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the question out of four alternative.

The dog is a very intelligent animal and it can be trained for many duties. Some dogs work with the police and the army as sentries and trackers, and there are medals that are awarded to dogs for bravery in action. Other dogs act as seeing-eyes for the blind, and some breeds are specially trained for rescue work among mountains and snow. Jobs like herding sheep and cattle and guarding homes are also done by them. Whenever man lives and works in the Arctic Circle, in the desert, in the jungle, in the moors or mountains, the dog is his faithful companion and help. A common mongrel may possess these qualities just as much as the aristocratic bloodhound.

The phrase 'aristocratic bloodhound' in the passage means

• the dog kept by wealthy people

• a pedigree dog

• a dog fond of blood

• any big dog

Read the passage and choose the best answer to the questions.

It has often been said that the scale of natural phenomena in India and her total dependence on the monsoon, have helped to form the character of her people. Even today, major disasters, such as flood, famine and plaque, are hard to check, and in older times, their control was almost impossible. Many other ancient civilizations, such as those of the Greeks, Romans and Chinese, had to contend with hard winters, which encouraged sturdiness and resourcefulness. India, on the other hand, was blessed by a bounteous nature, who demanded little of man in return for sustenance, but in her terrible anger could not be appeased by any human effort. Hence it has been suggested, the Indian character has tended to quietism, accepting fortune and misfortune alike without complaint.

The author's main argument is

• description of natural phenomena of India

• unpredictability of Indian monsoon

• correlation between the climate and the character of the inhabitants of a region

• hardahips caused by natural calamities

40.

Read the passage and choose the best answer to the questions.

It has often been said that the scale of natural phenomena in India and her total dependence on the monsoon, have helped to form the character of her people. Even today, major disasters, such as flood, famine and plaque, are hard to check, and in older times, their control was almost impossible. Many other ancient civilizations, such as those of the Greeks, Romans and Chinese, had to contend with hard winters, which encouraged sturdiness and resourcefulness. India, on the other hand, was blessed by a bounteous nature, who demanded little of man in return for sustenance, but in her terrible anger could not be appeased by any human effort. Hence it has been suggested, the Indian character has tended to quietism, accepting fortune and misfortune alike without complaint.

Which one of the following civilizations did not have to face hardships due to bad winter?

• Indian

• Greek

• Chinese

• Roman