1.

Who among the following described 'reflective thinking'?

• Dewey
  
  

• Ross
  
  

• Woodworth
  
  

• Drever

Progressive education is associated with which of the following statements?

• Teachers are the originators of information and authority

• Knowledge is generated through direct experience and collaboration

• Learning proceeds in a straight way with factual gathering and skill mastery

• Examination is norm-referenced and external

In the context of progressive education, the term 'equal educational opportunity' implies that all students should

• be provided an education by using the same methods and materials without any distinction

• be provided an education which is most appropriate to them and their future life at work

• receive equal education irrespective of their caste, creed, colour, region and religion

• be allowed to prove their capability after receiving an equal education

• Plato

• Rousseau

• Aristotle

• Ross

The new progressive pedagogy professes

• assessment in learning

• assessment of learning

• assessment for learning

• assessment along learning

Progressive education

• is based on the principles of conditioning and reinforcement

• is centered around textbooks since they are the only valid source of knowledge

• reaffirms the belief that the teacher has to be firm in her approach and in today's world children cannot be taught without using punishment

• lays strong emphasis on problem solving and critical thinking

Progressive education entails that the classroom is

• authoritarian, where the teacher dictates and the students follow meekly

• free for all with the teacher absent from it

• in full control of the teacher, who is dictatorial

• democratic and there is space given to children for understanding