The statement that "Who rules East Europe , commands the Heartland who rules the Heartland , commands the world Island...." was made by 

• Mackinder

• Sypkman

• Alfred Mahan

• Whittlesey

Which one of the following characteristic features of Indian federalism does not have a geographical base ?

• Vast area size

• Physical and cultural diversities

• Regional inequalities in socio-economic development 

• Division of powers and functions between Union and States

'Geostrategic model' dividing the world into ten regions , was propounded by :

• P.J. Taylor

• John Short

• John Agnew

• Saul Cohen

• a-1 , b-2 , c-3 , d-4

• a-4 , b-2 , c-3 , d-1

• a-2 , b-1 , c-4 , d-3

• a-3 , b-2 , c-1 , d-4

For measuring the success of changes in electoral boundaries , we use the concept of :

• Malapportionment

• Representation

• Legitimate participation 

• Non-Legitimate participation

• a-iv , b-i , c-ii , d-iii

• a-iv , b-iii , c-ii , d-i

• a-iii , b-iv , c-i , d-ii

• a-ii , b-i , c-iv , d-iii

Oraganic Theory of the State wa propounded by :

•  Mackinder

• Ratzel

• Haushofer

• Isaiah Bowman

In 1919 , Mackinder renamed his Pivot Area as 'Heartland' in famous book

• Foreign Affairs

• The Round World and the Winning of the Peace

• The Democratic Ideals and Reality

• World war and Geography

49.

"An Introduction to the Application of Geography to History" and "The Geographical Distribution of Mankind" are the works of

• Vidal de la Blache

• Carl Ritter

• Alfred Hettner

• Friedrich Ratzel

Which one of the following statements are correct relating to Ratzel's concept of 'Lebensraum' ?

(i) It is the geographical area within which living organisms develop.

(ii) It is economic and cultural activity of people outside their enclosed settled area.

(iii) It deals with the relations between human society as a spatial organization and its physical setting.

(iv) It speaks 'geopolitik' and studies space from the view point of state.

• (i) , (ii) and (iii) are correct.

• (ii) and (iii) are correct.

• (ii) , (iii) and (iv) are correct.

• (i) and (iii) are correct.