Explain what do you understand by pathogens. How can we control the microbial diseases?
Any organism that causes disease is called a pathogen. Invasion and multiplication of these pathogens in the infected host results in the onset of disease due to the destruction of the normal cell metabolism.
There are three ways of controlling the microbial diseases:
(i) by using a drug which kills the organism in the body.
(ii) by using a drug which inhibits or arrests the growth of the organism.
(iii) by increasing immunity and resistance to infection of the body.
Name the action of the following on the human body:
(a) Aspirin
(b) Penicillin
(c) Phenacetin
(d) Morphine
(e) Analgin
(f) Laminal
(g) Sarconal
(h) Streptomycin.
What is the difference between local and general anaesthetics? Name one chemical used in each case.
Give one important use of each of the following:
(i) Bithional
(ii) Chloroamphenicol
(iii) Streptomycin
(iv) Paracetamol.
How are antiseptics distinguished from disinfectants? Give two examples of each of the substances.
Describe the following with suitable examples of chemicals:
(i) Antipyretics
(ii) Antiseptics
(iii) Tranquilizers
(iv) Wide spectrum antibiotics
