Name the genes responsible for making Bt cotton plants resistant to bollworm attack. How do such plants attain resistance against bollworm attacks? Explain.
The Bt toxin is encoded by the cry gene. The cry I AC and cry II Ab control cotton bollworms, while the cry I-Ab controls corn borer. Bt gene produces Bt toxin. This toxin provides resistance to plants against lepidopteron, coleopterans and dipterans pests.
An example is Bt cotton, in which the gene from the bacterium that encodes for the toxin is incorporated. The activated Bt toxin binds to the surface of the midgut epithelium of the insects and causes swelling and cell lysis, which eventually leads to the death of the insects.
In the process of producing insect-resistant crops, specific Bt toxin genes are isolated from B.thuringiensis, and incorporated into the crops. Since these toxins are insect specific, they do not harm the crops or humans.
By the end of 2002 the public transport of Delhi switched over to a new fuel. Name the fuel. Why is this fuel considered better? Explain.
Name the two different categories of microbes naturally occurring in sewage water. Explain their role in cleaning sewage water into usable water.
Draw a schematic sketch of pBR 322 plasmid and label the following in it:
(a) Any two restriction sites.
(b) Ori and rop genes.
(c) An antibiotic resistant gene.
Write the function of each one of the following:
(a) (Oviducal) Fimbriae
(b) Coleoptile
(c) Oxytocin
(a) Name the enzyme responsible for the transcription of tRNA and the amino acid the initiator tRNA gets linked with.
(b) Explain the role of initiator tRNA in initiation of protein synthesis.
Given below is the representation of amino acid composition not the relevant translated portion of β-chain of hemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells. 
(a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer.
(b) What difference would be noticed in the phenotype of the normal and the sufferer related to this gene?
(c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why?Study a part of the life cycle of malarial parasite given below. Answer the questions that follow:
(a) Mention the roles of A in the life cycle of the malarial parasite.
(b) Name the event C and the organ where this event occurs.
(c) Identify the organ B and name the cells being released from it.
