Given below is the representation of amino acid composition not the relevant translated portion of β-chain of hemoglobin, related to the shape of human red blood cells. 
(a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from certain related genetic disease? Give reason in support of your answer.
(b) What difference would be noticed in the phenotype of the normal and the sufferer related to this gene?
(c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defect related to the gene represented the males, the females or both males and females equally? And why?(a) This representation is of a normal person because in a normal person the mRNA contains the codon GAG at 6th position which codes for glutamic acid .
(b) In a sufferer, the codon GAG is replaced by GUG at the 6th position in the mRNA. Hence, during translation of the defective mRNA, Glutamic acid is replaced by Valine.
(c) The disease represented by the defect in the given gene is sickle-cell anaemia which is an autosomal recessive trait. This disease is transmitted to the progeny when both the parents are carriers for the disease (heterozygous). Since it is an autosomal recessive trait both males and females are equally at risk to develop the disease.
Study a part of the life cycle of malarial parasite given below. Answer the questions that follow:
(a) Mention the roles of A in the life cycle of the malarial parasite.
(b) Name the event C and the organ where this event occurs.
(c) Identify the organ B and name the cells being released from it.Name the two different categories of microbes naturally occurring in sewage water. Explain their role in cleaning sewage water into usable water.
(a) Name the enzyme responsible for the transcription of tRNA and the amino acid the initiator tRNA gets linked with.
(b) Explain the role of initiator tRNA in initiation of protein synthesis.
Draw a schematic sketch of pBR 322 plasmid and label the following in it:
(a) Any two restriction sites.
(b) Ori and rop genes.
(c) An antibiotic resistant gene.
Name the genes responsible for making Bt cotton plants resistant to bollworm attack. How do such plants attain resistance against bollworm attacks? Explain.
Write the function of each one of the following:
(a) (Oviducal) Fimbriae
(b) Coleoptile
(c) OxytocinBy the end of 2002 the public transport of Delhi switched over to a new fuel. Name the fuel. Why is this fuel considered better? Explain.
