Briefly explain the following terms.

Genes

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

Vasectomy and Tubectomy (explain)

Give biological reasons for the following:

The renal cortex has a dotted appearance.

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

Cerebrum and Spinal cord (arrangement of nerve cells)

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve (function)

Give biological reasons for the following:

The wall of the ventricle is thicker than the auricle.

Briefly explain the following terms:

Cytokinesis in plant cells 

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

Photolysis and Photophosphorylation (definition)

Briefly explain the following terms:

Guttation 

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned within brackets:

(v) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule (parts included)