Mention two different ways by which modern methods of irrigation are an improvement over the primitive methods. 

i. Name two cities in India which have grown rapidly due to in -migration.

ii. What are the two factors that led to the decreasing growth rate of population from 1981 to 2001 ?

Mention any four aims of the revised Forest Policy of 1988.

Give reasons for the low sex ratio in India. 

Give a reason for each of the following :

i. Delhi has rain in December - January.

ii. Kolkata has a little rain in Apri.  

i. What is the El Nino ?

ii. How does it affect the climate of India ?

Mention four effects of a rapidly growing population on development. 

The dependency ratio is higher in rural areas than in UIrban areas. Give two reasons to explain why. 

i. What is meant by variability of rainfall ?

ii. How does this variability affect agriculture ? 

Explain how the type of crops grown determines the need for irrigation.