Physiology & Sports

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The following are the factors for determining strength:

Muscle composition: There are two types of fibres in muscles i.e. fast twitch fibres and slow twitch fibres. The muscles which consist of more percentage of fast twitch fibres will produce more strength.

Size of the muscle: The strength of an individual depends on the size of the muscle. As larger and bigger muscle produce more force and with the help of different methods of strength training, the size of the muscle can be increased.

Body weight: there is a positive relationship between body weight and strength. The individuals who are heavier are stronger than the individuals who are lighter in weight.

Physiological factors for determining speed.

The following are the factors for determining speed:

Muscle composition: The muscles which consist of more percentage of fast twitch fibres contract with more speed and produce a greater speed. Different muscles of the body have a different percentage of fast twitch fibres.

Explosive strength: It depends on the shape, size and coordination of muscles. For very quick and explosive movement, explosive strength is required. The related proportion of fast twitch fibres and slow twitch fibres determines the maximum possible speed with which the muscle can contract.

Flexibility: It also determines the speed. Good flexibility allows maximum range of movements and also enables complete utilization of explosive strength.

Biochemical reserves and metabolic power: muscles requires more amount of energy and a high rate of consumption for maximum speed performance. For this purpose, the stores of ATP & CP in the muscles should be enough. If the store is less, the working process of the muscles slows down after a short time.

Physiological factors for determining flexibility.

The physiological factors for determining flexibility are:

Muscle strength: Flexibility depends on the level of strength. Weak muscles can become a limiting factor for achieving a higher range of movement. Muscle strength is highly trainable therefore, it can enhance flexibility.

Joint structure: There are several different types of joints in the human body. Some of the joints intrinsically have a greater range of motion. eg. the ball and socket joint of the shoulder has the greatest range of motion.

Age and gender: flexibility decreases with the advancement of age. It can be enhanced with the help of training. Gender also determines the flexibility as females tend to be more flexible than males.

Internal environment: The internal environment of an athlete influences the flexibility. If internal temperature increases flexibility increases; if decreases flexibility decreases.

Previous injury: Injuries to connective tissues and muscles ultimately lead to reduced flexibility.