Agriculture

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Technological Reforms:

Green Revolution:

1. Introduced in 1960s.
2. Use of high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds to improve the overall production.
3. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides were introduced.

White Revolution:

1. Known as ‘Operation Flood’.
2. For improving milk production in the country.
3. Hybrid varieties of cattle were bought.

Institutional Reforms:

Land Development Programme:

1. Introduced in 1980s.
2. Scheme of crop insurance against drought, flood, fire, disease etc.
3. Grameen banks and cooperative societies were established for extending agricultural loans.
4. Banks were inspired for priority sector lending i.e., lending to farmers at lower interest rates.

Kisan Credit Card (KCC):

1. Started in 1998–99 by the Government of India in collaboration with the RBI and the NABARD.
2. A credit card with a limit of Rs. 50000/- is issued to farmers for availing instant credit.
3. Repayment is done after the crops are harvested.

Special programmes for farmers on agriculture were introduced on television and radio.